A word or phrase that had been borrowed from one language into another language is the word ” cat”. The word “cat” is spelled as a cat in the English language. however, in the phonetics language, it is spelled as “kaet” and the ae is connected to each other. in the donor language cat, it is pronounced as “Kat”. in the borrowing language the word cat is pronounced as “k ah t”. In the phonetics language, the ae connected letter is pronounced as ah, the c sound sounds like the letter k, and the t remains the same. As one can see this is why the word cat is spelled as kaet in phonetics. the difference between the donor and borrowing is the spelling rather than the pronunciation because the pronunciation is still the same. the pronunciations between the donor and the borrowing are the same in this example. however in different languages when it comes to the phonetics alphabet the words may be pronounced differently. some letters and words will be different which leads to such pronunciations being different.

One word that I found that was interestingly borrowed from one language (the donor language) into another language (the borrowing language) is the word champagne. This particular word is of multiple origins but was borrowed from the French vocabulary into the English vocabulary. In French champagne is pronounced like cham+pagne [ʃɑ̃.paɲ] and in English it is pronounced like sham+payn [ʃæmˈpeɪn]. Even though champagne has the same definition in both languages, the pronunciation of the word has adapted to fit into the phonemic inventory and phonotactics of English. There are a couple of differences between the way English speakers and French speakers pronounce the word ‘champagne’ an English speaker pronounces the [ʃ] sound like ‘sh’, while a French speaker pronounces [ʃ] like ‘ch’. Instead of using a nasalized vowel like [ɑ̃] which is pronounced like ‘am’, we replaced it with the front low unrounded vowel [æ]. As for the second syllable a French speaker would pronounce ‘pagne’ using the following sounds: [p],[a], [ɲ]. In English we don’t have a palatal nasal sound, so we replaced it with the high-mid, tense, front vowel [eɪ].

When I had to study Spanish back in high school, I noticed a lot of Spanish words were similar to English. Most of the time, words describing foods, or animals were spelled the same. An example of a English word that was borrowed from Spanish is, “Coyote” phonetic translation being, [Kai Jəʊ ti]. While the spanish phonetic translation is, [Ko jo te]. The main differences being the ending pronouncation, when Spanish uses the [e] sound, English replaced that with [i]. Same goes with [o] in the Spanish translation, English uses [əʊ] to pronounce the middle of the word. The last difference is the sound after K, [ai] is seen in English, while Spanish once again uses [o]. Another example is the Spanish word “tornado” phonetic translation [toɾ na do]. While in English it is pronounced “tɔɹ nei doʊ]. The main difference I noticed between these two similar words is, in the Spanish pronouncation [a] is emphasized. While in English, [e] and [i] replaced that Spanish [a] sound. Although both words being spelled exactly the same, and having the same meaning,. The pronounciation between both languages differ.

One word that got borrowed from English language, to my native language (Urdu) is the word “bank”. In English it is pronounced as /bæŋk/ whereas in Urdu it is also pronounced as /bæŋk/.The pronunciation in both English and Urdu are quite similar. However a subtle difference is in the articulation of the vowel and the velar nasal, because the phonemes used in “bank” (/b/,/æ/,/ŋk/) are acceptable in Urdu. The only thing is articulation which is different due to the accent and phonetic tendencies of Urdu speakers. The adaptation here is quite minimal since most of these sounds are in Urdu’s phonemic inventory. For instance the use of /b/, the open front vowel /æ/ can also accommodate the /ŋk/ cluster. This is due to the presence of the /ŋ/ sound in the language. This is one of those examples where some words are borrowed to maintain familiar sounds and structures, but at times articulation comes into play and makes slight changes to the pronunciation of the word.

An example of a word borrowed from French into English is “rendezvous.” In French, it is pronounced [ʁɑ̃.de.vu]. However, in English, it is pronounced [ˈrɑndəvuː]. The adaptation of “rendezvous” from French to English involves several phonetic and phonological adjustments. Firstly, the French nasal vowel [ɑ̃] is replaced by the English non-nasal vowel [æ]. Secondly, the French uvular fricative [ʁ] is replaced by the English alveolar approximant [ɹ]. Additionally, the French vowel [e] is replaced by the English diphthong [eɪ]. Finally, the stress pattern is modified to fit English phonotactics, with primary stress on the second syllable in English compared to the final syllable in French. This adaptation reflects the differences in phonemic inventories and phonotactics between French and English, ensuring the word’s pronunciation aligns with English phonological norms while maintaining its original meaning and usage, thus highlighting the dynamic nature of language borrowing and adaptation across cultures. This word retains its meaning, while being pronounced differently across different ways of speech.