1. proposition: I have a bird

truth value: false

truth conditions : in order for this to be true, I would need to have a pet bird living in my house

entailment: “I have a bird” entails “I have a pet bird”

2. proposition: I have 11 fingers

truth value: false

truth conditions: in order for this to be true I would have 11 fingers instead of 10

entailment: “I have 11 fingers ” entails I would have more than 5 fingers in one hand.

3. proposition: English is my second fluent language because arabic is my first

truth value:true

truth conditions; in order for this to be true, I would have speak and understand both English and arabic fluently.

entailment : ” English is my second fluent language because arabic is my first” entails that growing up I was taught arabic more then I was taught English

A word or phrase that had been borrowed from one language into another language is the word ” cat”. The word “cat” is spelled as a cat in the English language. however, in the phonetics language, it is spelled as “kaet” and the ae is connected to each other. in the donor language cat, it is pronounced as “Kat”. in the borrowing language the word cat is pronounced as “k ah t”. In the phonetics language, the ae connected letter is pronounced as ah, the c sound sounds like the letter k, and the t remains the same. As one can see this is why the word cat is spelled as kaet in phonetics. the difference between the donor and borrowing is the spelling rather than the pronunciation because the pronunciation is still the same. the pronunciations between the donor and the borrowing are the same in this example. however in different languages when it comes to the phonetics alphabet the words may be pronounced differently. some letters and words will be different which leads to such pronunciations being different.

In my past few years of going to school, there were plenty of prescriptive rules that my teachers have taught my class and I. I was repeatedly told that there was a difference in words with punctuation. for example, in elementary school, I was having a hard time understanding that “you’re” and “your” are two completely different words. Another way the prescriptive rule was taught to me was by “their” and “there”. I genuinely had a rough time understanding the differences between such words but I overcame those obstacles. in my school experience, I was indeed told that “ain’t” was less valid than “aren’t” because my teachers said that “ain’t” was not even a real word. In high school, people were so into talking with lingo and that’s what had set the teachers off. so many students started talking like one another and this is what led to the teachers always telling us students that most of the words we used were not proper. Although, I would say that my teachers correcting me has helped me in my life today. if it wasn’t for them correcting me then I would not be as professional as I am now. I also wouldn’t have been using the correct words in certain sentences. I have stopped using the wrong words in phrases in my sentences now. I also look out for the correct punctuation. over all, I don’t remember many of my teachers ever explaining double negative.