One of the stepping stones for the English language is grammar, which ironically enough is a word that was borrowed from Greece. The word grammar is derived from γραμματικὴ τέχνη (grammatikḕ téchnē), In English the word [gram|mar]. In Greek the word that represents correct spelling has a lot more vowels and complexity. In English, the word grammar was shortened and only has two syllables when in Greek the syllables are doubled. This word that is so important to not only the English language, but to every language in the world was borrowed and simplified along the way, which is an amazing feat for language in general, representing the power it possesses all over the world.

A word or phrase that had been borrowed from one language into another language is the word ” cat”. The word “cat” is spelled as a cat in the English language. however, in the phonetics language, it is spelled as “kaet” and the ae is connected to each other. in the donor language cat, it is pronounced as “Kat”. in the borrowing language the word cat is pronounced as “k ah t”. In the phonetics language, the ae connected letter is pronounced as ah, the c sound sounds like the letter k, and the t remains the same. As one can see this is why the word cat is spelled as kaet in phonetics. the difference between the donor and borrowing is the spelling rather than the pronunciation because the pronunciation is still the same. the pronunciations between the donor and the borrowing are the same in this example. however in different languages when it comes to the phonetics alphabet the words may be pronounced differently. some letters and words will be different which leads to such pronunciations being different.

A word English borrowed from Italian is Piano. In Italian it is pronounced /pe-ano/. In English it is pronounced more like /pee-ano/. They are similar yet slightly different. The way you say the vowels differs. The sound structure is similar due the word being spelled the same however the pronunciation differs due to an accent distinction.

when I was first learning the language I had trouble making au and ow noises. As time progressed I became more and more capable of producing that sound. I am capable now however I noticed I stutter on occasion. In terms of secondary language, I had a similar problem rolling my r’s while learning Italian earlier on as well.

In elementary school, I vividly remember a time where on my paper I wrote “Me and my friend Matt are gonna hang out on Friday for my birthday”. This sentence was for a writing on what we are expecting or planning to do this upcoming weekend. I remember my teacher circling the word “gonna” letting me know this wasn’t a word. Next, she had underlined “Me and my friend Matt”, letting me know the correct form of this sentence was My friend Matt and I are going to hang out this Friday”. This was a shock to me because this was everyday vocab for myself. Even though I was discouraged as a young boy, and influenced by my mistake letting my friends know they were talking “wrong” as well, I eventually grew out of this, and talked loosely In descriptivism

I was never reprimanded for any official grammar mistakes or errors, not that I can remember. However, there was this problem my fifth grade teacher had a problem with a misunderstanding that had to do with the diction of a specific word. She had announced to the class that she was Italian. I have no problem with Italians, I love Italians. But there was this classmate of mine that had pronounced it in a way I’ve never heard before, he pronounced the word “Italian” with emphasis on the letters “tal” but instead of saying it the regular more used way, he pronounced it as “tall” so he was basically saying “Itallian” (ituhlian). So me as a child was very amused by this accent he seemed to have had, and I mimicked him, I said to him, “Did you say ituhlian?” And he laughed, he had no problem with it. But for some reason my teacher was upset, perhaps she thought I was mimicking her instead of him, she did have a tiny bit of a deep voice but it was not my intention to make fun of her ethnicity or culture. I was 9. She had gotten upset and took ten points off of my good behavior. But she later proved how point happy she was at the end of the year when I had received a -160 points for good behavior. I was never introduced to slang or the shortening of words as my mom had discovered I had a Brooklyn accent at the age of 7 and then limited what I can watch on television. Truly it was my mom who had put the effort in making me sound educated. In my fifth grade class I had just mentioned, the teacher herself used these shortened words and had a Brooklyn accent. But it was my mom who had corrected me. I never asked my mom about “aint” and “arent” but I was taught to use proper grammar and excelled in essay writing all through middle school, high school, until this day. I picked up the double negative language in late high school, as I was surrounded by it but I know it is not grammatically appropriate to use in a professional setting. I think using the shortened versions of any words may come off as lazy to use, I feel like if I’m talking fast I’ll definitely use the shortened versions but if I’m trying to keep my composure and take my time with my speaking, I’ll use longer, bigger, more advanced vocabulary.

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