Proposition: 91 percent of ocean species have yet to be discovered

Truth value: True 

Truth conditions: There are parts of the ocean that have yet to be explored, which only leaves 91 percent of oceanic life to be unknown and undiscovered.  

Entailment: “91 percent of ocean species have yet to be discovered” means that we haven’t found all of oceanic life. 

Proposition: I have a pool in my house. 

Truth value: False

Truth conditions: In order for this to be true I would need to own a pool in my house.

Entailment: “I have a pool in my house” describes me owning a pool in my home. 

Proposition: I don’t like gnocchi, the Italian dish. 

Truth value: Unknown

Truth conditions: I never tried gnocchi, how can I say I don’t like it if I’ve never tried it?

Entailment: “ I don’t like gnocchi, the Italian dish” means that I’ve tried the meal before and didn’t enjoy it.

A word that I found out was borrowed from one language to another is the word, Doctor. In Spanish, it is spelled the same way as in English. However, the words are pronounced quite differently because the r rolls in Spanish while in English it doesn’t. The word in English is pronounced as dak-duhr while in Spanish the pronunciation differs, it is dohk-tohr. Though the way this is said can change due to gender roles, if the word is describing a man it stays the same but if the word is describing a woman then we would use the feminine noun. It would look like Doctora and sound like dohk-tohra. The [d] is produced in a different part of the mouth. For example, when we say Doctor in Spanish our tongue touches the roof of our mouth and then slightly pushes our teeth and alveolar ridge. While in English our tongue hits the roof of our mouth and falls back down. The origins of word doctor came from the agent noun ducere which is Latin for someone who is a leader, the word was used to describe men and teachers then it transformed into a word that describes people who graduated college and eventually over time it turned into what we now know as a doctor which was used as as a way to show respect to any professionals who have PhDs.

When I was in high school I would always mess up between past tense and present tense words. For example, “in new york city there are (currently) many home teams, going (present) to the Knicks game is (present) something I always look forward to.” then later on saying “my cousins and I went(past) all the time.” This is something I would always get corrected on by my English teachers because I would often mix up past and present-tense words. I would also mess up when I would write “yours” and “you’re” and “theirs” and “there”. I would also mess up comma placements because I wouldn’t know if it came before transitions or after.