As we learned in class recently, propositions are claims expressed by a sentence, which either are true or false. Each proposition has a truth value, which is whether a statement has a true or false choice. This ties in with truth conditions, which are the conditions the world would be in for a proposition to be true. Lastly, entailment relates to two statements, where one implies the other. Three examples of all of these aspects of a proposition are shown below.

1) Proposition- There was an earthquake in New York City on April 5th 2024. Truth value- True Truth conditions- In order for this to be true, an earthquake would have had to take place in New York on that exact date. Entailment- “There was an earthquake in New York City on April 5th 2024” entails “An earthquake took place on April 5th somewhere in the world”

2) Proposition- I have two sisters Truth value- False Truth conditions- I would have to have exactly two sisters in my immediate family. Entailment- “I have two sisters” entails “I have at least one sister”

3) Proposition- More people drink coffee compared to tea. Truth value- Unknown Truth conditions- A valid scientific study would have to be conducted to show that a majority of people favor coffee. Entailment- “Most people drink coffee compared to tea” entails “People can drink coffee and tea”