In examining the adaptation of words borrowed from one language to another, let’s delve into the examples of “café” from French to English and “pasta” from Italian to Japanese. When “café” made its way into English, its pronunciation shifted from /kafe/ in French to /ˈkæˌfeɪ/ in English. The elongation of the /e/ sound at the end of the word and the change of the initial vowel from /a/ to /æ/ highlight adjustments to fit English phonotactics. Similarly, “pasta” underwent modifications upon being borrowed into Japanese, transitioning from /ˈpɑːstə/ in Italian to [pasɯta] in Japanese. The addition of a short vowel sound, [ɯ], between the consonants “s” and “t” to adhere to Japanese phonotactic rules exemplifies adaptation. While the original meanings remain intact, these examples illustrate how pronunciation adapts to suit the phonemic inventory and phonotactics of the borrowing language. Likewise, when considering words in Spanish and Arabic, one might explore how terms like “café” or “pasta” undergo similar transformations to align with the linguistic structures of these languages.